Cookies are read and written through ActionController#cookies.

The cookies being read are the ones received along with the request, the cookies being written will be sent out with the response. Reading a cookie does not get the cookie object itself back, just the value it holds.

Examples of writing:

# Sets a simple session cookie.
# This cookie will be deleted when the user's browser is closed.
cookies[:user_name] = "david"

# Cookie values are String based. Other data types need to be serialized.
cookies[:lat_lon] = JSON.generate([47.68, -122.37])

# Sets a cookie that expires in 1 hour.
cookies[:login] = { value: "XJ-122", expires: 1.hour.from_now }

# Sets a signed cookie, which prevents users from tampering with its value.
# The cookie is signed by your app's `secrets.secret_key_base` value.
# It can be read using the signed method `cookies.signed[:name]`
cookies.signed[:user_id] = current_user.id

# Sets an encrypted cookie value before sending it to the client which
# prevent users from reading and tampering with its value.
# The cookie is signed by your app's `secrets.secret_key_base` value.
# It can be read using the encrypted method `cookies.encrypted[:name]`
cookies.encrypted[:discount] = 45

# Sets a "permanent" cookie (which expires in 20 years from now).
cookies.permanent[:login] = "XJ-122"

# You can also chain these methods:
cookies.permanent.signed[:login] = "XJ-122"

Examples of reading:

cookies[:user_name]           # => "david"
cookies.size                  # => 2
JSON.parse(cookies[:lat_lon]) # => [47.68, -122.37]
cookies.signed[:login]        # => "XJ-122"
cookies.encrypted[:discount]  # => 45

Example for deleting:

cookies.delete :user_name

Please note that if you specify a :domain when setting a cookie, you must also specify the domain when deleting the cookie:

cookies[:name] = {
  value: 'a yummy cookie',
  expires: 1.year.from_now,
  domain: 'domain.com'
}

cookies.delete(:name, domain: 'domain.com')

The option symbols for setting cookies are:

  • :value - The cookie's value.

  • :path - The path for which this cookie applies. Defaults to the root of the application.

  • :domain - The domain for which this cookie applies so you can restrict to the domain level. If you use a schema like www.example.com and want to share session with user.example.com set :domain to :all. Make sure to specify the :domain option with :all or Array again when deleting cookies.

    domain: nil  # Does not set cookie domain. (default)
    domain: :all # Allow the cookie for the top most level
                 # domain and subdomains.
    domain: %w(.example.com .example.org) # Allow the cookie
                                          # for concrete domain names.
  • :tld_length - When using :domain => :all, this option can be used to explicitly set the TLD length when using a short (<= 3 character) domain that is being interpreted as part of a TLD. For example, to share cookies between user1.lvh.me and user2.lvh.me, set :tld_length to 1.

  • :expires - The time at which this cookie expires, as a Time object.

  • :secure - Whether this cookie is only transmitted to HTTPS servers. Default is false.

  • :httponly - Whether this cookie is accessible via scripting or only HTTP. Defaults to false.

Namespace
Methods
C
N
Constants
HTTP_HEADER = "Set-Cookie".freeze
 
GENERATOR_KEY = "action_dispatch.key_generator".freeze
 
SIGNED_COOKIE_SALT = "action_dispatch.signed_cookie_salt".freeze
 
ENCRYPTED_COOKIE_SALT = "action_dispatch.encrypted_cookie_salt".freeze
 
ENCRYPTED_SIGNED_COOKIE_SALT = "action_dispatch.encrypted_signed_cookie_salt".freeze
 
SECRET_TOKEN = "action_dispatch.secret_token".freeze
 
SECRET_KEY_BASE = "action_dispatch.secret_key_base".freeze
 
COOKIES_SERIALIZER = "action_dispatch.cookies_serializer".freeze
 
COOKIES_DIGEST = "action_dispatch.cookies_digest".freeze
 
MAX_COOKIE_SIZE = 4096
 

Cookies can typically store 4096 bytes.

CookieOverflow = Class.new StandardError
 

Raised when storing more than 4K of session data.

Class Public methods
new(app)
# File actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb, line 606
def initialize(app)
  @app = app
end
Instance Public methods
call(env)
# File actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb, line 610
def call(env)
  request = ActionDispatch::Request.new env

  status, headers, body = @app.call(env)

  if request.have_cookie_jar?
    cookie_jar = request.cookie_jar
    unless cookie_jar.committed?
      cookie_jar.write(headers)
      if headers[HTTP_HEADER].respond_to?(:join)
        headers[HTTP_HEADER] = headers[HTTP_HEADER].join("\n")
      end
    end
  end

  [status, headers, body]
end