Extends the API for constants to be able to deal with qualified names. Arguments are assumed to be relative to the receiver.

Methods
A
D
L
M
P
Q
R
Attributes
[RW] attr_internal_naming_format
Instance Public methods
alias_attribute(new_name, old_name)

Allows you to make aliases for attributes, which includes getter, setter, and query methods.

class Content < ActiveRecord::Base
  # has a title attribute
end

class Email < Content
  alias_attribute :subject, :title
end

e = Email.find(1)
e.title    # => "Superstars"
e.subject  # => "Superstars"
e.subject? # => true
e.subject = "Megastars"
e.title    # => "Megastars"
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing.rb, line 62
  def alias_attribute(new_name, old_name)
    module_eval "      def #{new_name}; self.#{old_name}; end          # def subject; self.title; end
      def #{new_name}?; self.#{old_name}?; end        # def subject?; self.title?; end
      def #{new_name}=(v); self.#{old_name} = v; end  # def subject=(v); self.title = v; end
", __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
  end
alias_method_chain(target, feature)

Encapsulates the common pattern of:

alias_method :foo_without_feature, :foo
alias_method :foo, :foo_with_feature

With this, you simply do:

alias_method_chain :foo, :feature

And both aliases are set up for you.

Query and bang methods (foo?, foo!) keep the same punctuation:

alias_method_chain :foo?, :feature

is equivalent to

alias_method :foo_without_feature?, :foo?
alias_method :foo?, :foo_with_feature?

so you can safely chain foo, foo?, and foo! with the same feature.

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/aliasing.rb, line 23
def alias_method_chain(target, feature)
  # Strip out punctuation on predicates or bang methods since
  # e.g. target?_without_feature is not a valid method name.
  aliased_target, punctuation = target.to_s.sub(/([?!=])$/, ''), $1
  yield(aliased_target, punctuation) if block_given?

  with_method = "#{aliased_target}_with_#{feature}#{punctuation}"
  without_method = "#{aliased_target}_without_#{feature}#{punctuation}"

  alias_method without_method, target
  alias_method target, with_method

  case
  when public_method_defined?(without_method)
    public target
  when protected_method_defined?(without_method)
    protected target
  when private_method_defined?(without_method)
    private target
  end
end
anonymous?()

A module may or may not have a name.

module M; end
M.name # => "M"

m = Module.new
m.name # => nil

A module gets a name when it is first assigned to a constant. Either via the module or class keyword or by an explicit assignment:

m = Module.new # creates an anonymous module
M = m          # => m gets a name here as a side-effect
m.name         # => "M"
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/anonymous.rb, line 16
def anonymous?
  name.nil?
end
attr_internal(*attrs)
attr_internal_accessor(*attrs)

Declares an attribute reader and writer backed by an internally-named instance variable.

Also aliased as: attr_internal
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal.rb, line 14
def attr_internal_accessor(*attrs)
  attr_internal_reader(*attrs)
  attr_internal_writer(*attrs)
end
attr_internal_reader(*attrs)

Declares an attribute reader backed by an internally-named instance variable.

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal.rb, line 3
def attr_internal_reader(*attrs)
  attrs.each {|attr_name| attr_internal_define(attr_name, :reader)}
end
attr_internal_writer(*attrs)

Declares an attribute writer backed by an internally-named instance variable.

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attr_internal.rb, line 8
def attr_internal_writer(*attrs)
  attrs.each {|attr_name| attr_internal_define(attr_name, :writer)}
end
delegate(*methods)

Provides a delegate class method to easily expose contained objects' public methods as your own.

The macro receives one or more method names (specified as symbols or strings) and the name of the target object via the :to option (also a symbol or string).

Delegation is particularly useful with Active Record associations:

class Greeter < ActiveRecord::Base
  def hello
    'hello'
  end

  def goodbye
    'goodbye'
  end
end

class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :greeter
  delegate :hello, to: :greeter
end

Foo.new.hello   # => "hello"
Foo.new.goodbye # => NoMethodError: undefined method `goodbye' for #<Foo:0x1af30c>

Multiple delegates to the same target are allowed:

class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :greeter
  delegate :hello, :goodbye, to: :greeter
end

Foo.new.goodbye # => "goodbye"

Methods can be delegated to instance variables, class variables, or constants by providing them as a symbols:

class Foo
  CONSTANT_ARRAY = [0,1,2,3]
  @@class_array  = [4,5,6,7]

  def initialize
    @instance_array = [8,9,10,11]
  end
  delegate :sum, to: :CONSTANT_ARRAY
  delegate :min, to: :@@class_array
  delegate :max, to: :@instance_array
end

Foo.new.sum # => 6
Foo.new.min # => 4
Foo.new.max # => 11

It's also possible to delegate a method to the class by using :class:

class Foo
  def self.hello
    "world"
  end

  delegate :hello, to: :class
end

Foo.new.hello # => "world"

Delegates can optionally be prefixed using the :prefix option. If the value is true, the delegate methods are prefixed with the name of the object being delegated to.

Person = Struct.new(:name, :address)

class Invoice < Struct.new(:client)
  delegate :name, :address, to: :client, prefix: true
end

john_doe = Person.new('John Doe', 'Vimmersvej 13')
invoice = Invoice.new(john_doe)
invoice.client_name    # => "John Doe"
invoice.client_address # => "Vimmersvej 13"

It is also possible to supply a custom prefix.

class Invoice < Struct.new(:client)
  delegate :name, :address, to: :client, prefix: :customer
end

invoice = Invoice.new(john_doe)
invoice.customer_name    # => 'John Doe'
invoice.customer_address # => 'Vimmersvej 13'

If the target is nil and does not respond to the delegated method a NoMethodError is raised, as with any other value. Sometimes, however, it makes sense to be robust to that situation and that is the purpose of the :allow_nil option: If the target is not nil, or it is and responds to the method, everything works as usual. But if it is nil and does not respond to the delegated method, nil is returned.

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :profile
  delegate :age, to: :profile
end

User.new.age # raises NoMethodError: undefined method `age'

But if not having a profile yet is fine and should not be an error condition:

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :profile
  delegate :age, to: :profile, allow_nil: true
end

User.new.age # nil

Note that if the target is not nil then the call is attempted regardless of the :allow_nil option, and thus an exception is still raised if said object does not respond to the method:

class Foo
  def initialize(bar)
    @bar = bar
  end

  delegate :name, to: :@bar, allow_nil: true
end

Foo.new("Bar").name # raises NoMethodError: undefined method `name'
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/delegation.rb, line 132
  def delegate(*methods)
    options = methods.pop
    unless options.is_a?(Hash) && to = options[:to]
      raise ArgumentError, 'Delegation needs a target. Supply an options hash with a :to key as the last argument (e.g. delegate :hello, to: :greeter).'
    end

    prefix, allow_nil = options.values_at(:prefix, :allow_nil)

    if prefix == true && to =~ /^[^a-z_]/
      raise ArgumentError, 'Can only automatically set the delegation prefix when delegating to a method.'
    end

    method_prefix =        if prefix
        "#{prefix == true ? to : prefix}_"
      else
        ''
      end

    file, line = caller.first.split(':', 2)
    line = line.to_i

    to = to.to_s
    to = 'self.class' if to == 'class'

    methods.each do |method|
      # Attribute writer methods only accept one argument. Makes sure []=
      # methods still accept two arguments.
      definition = (method =~ /[^\]]=$/) ? 'arg' : '*args, &block'

      # The following generated methods call the target exactly once, storing
      # the returned value in a dummy variable.
      #
      # Reason is twofold: On one hand doing less calls is in general better.
      # On the other hand it could be that the target has side-effects,
      # whereas conceptualy, from the user point of view, the delegator should
      # be doing one call.
      if allow_nil
        module_eval("          def #{method_prefix}#{method}(#{definition})        # def customer_name(*args, &block)
            _ = #{to}                                         #   _ = client
            if !_.nil? || nil.respond_to?(:#{method})         #   if !_.nil? || nil.respond_to?(:name)
              _.#{method}(#{definition})                      #     _.name(*args, &block)
            end                                               #   end
          end                                                 # end
", file, line - 3)
      else
        exception = %Q(raise "#{self}##{method_prefix}#{method} delegated to #{to}.#{method}, but #{to} is nil: \#{self.inspect}")

        module_eval("          def #{method_prefix}#{method}(#{definition})                                          # def customer_name(*args, &block)
            _ = #{to}                                                                           #   _ = client
            _.#{method}(#{definition})                                                          #   _.name(*args, &block)
          rescue NoMethodError => e                                                             # rescue NoMethodError => e
            location = "%s:%d:in `%s'" % [__FILE__, __LINE__ - 2, '#{method_prefix}#{method}']  #   location = "%s:%d:in `%s'" % [__FILE__, __LINE__ - 2, 'customer_name']
            if _.nil? && e.backtrace.first == location                                          #   if _.nil? && e.backtrace.first == location
              #{exception}                                                                      #     # add helpful message to the exception
            else                                                                                #   else
              raise                                                                             #     raise
            end                                                                                 #   end
          end                                                                                   # end
", file, line - 2)
      end
    end
  end
deprecate(*method_names)
deprecate :foo
deprecate bar: 'message'
deprecate :foo, :bar, baz: 'warning!', qux: 'gone!'

You can also use custom deprecator instance:

deprecate :foo, deprecator: MyLib::Deprecator.new
deprecate :foo, bar: "warning!", deprecator: MyLib::Deprecator.new

Custom deprecators must respond to deprecation_warning(deprecated_method_name, message, caller_backtrace) method where you can implement your custom warning behavior.

class MyLib::Deprecator
  def deprecation_warning(deprecated_method_name, message, caller_backtrace = nil)
     message = "#{deprecated_method_name} is deprecated and will be removed from MyLibrary | #{message}"
     Kernel.warn message
  end
end
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/deprecation.rb, line 22
def deprecate(*method_names)
  ActiveSupport::Deprecation.deprecate_methods(self, *method_names)
end
local_constant_names()

DEPRECATED: Use local_constants instead.

Returns the names of the constants defined locally as strings.

module M
  X = 1
end
M.local_constant_names # => ["X"]

This method is useful for forward compatibility, since Ruby 1.8 returns constant names as strings, whereas 1.9 returns them as symbols.

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/introspection.rb, line 74
def local_constant_names
  ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn 'Module#local_constant_names is deprecated, use Module#local_constants instead'
  local_constants.map { |c| c.to_s }
end
mattr_accessor(*syms)

Extends the module object with module and instance accessors for class attributes, just like the native attr* accessors for instance attributes.

module AppConfiguration
  mattr_accessor :google_api_key

  self.google_api_key = "123456789"
end

AppConfiguration.google_api_key # => "123456789"
AppConfiguration.google_api_key = "overriding the api key!"
AppConfiguration.google_api_key # => "overriding the api key!"

To opt out of the instance writer method, pass instance_writer: false. To opt out of the instance reader method, pass instance_reader: false. To opt out of both instance methods, pass instance_accessor: false.

# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors.rb, line 62
def mattr_accessor(*syms)
  mattr_reader(*syms)
  mattr_writer(*syms)
end
mattr_reader(*syms)
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors.rb, line 4
  def mattr_reader(*syms)
    options = syms.extract_options!
    syms.each do |sym|
      raise NameError.new('invalid attribute name') unless sym =~ /^[_A-Za-z]\w*$/
      class_eval("        @@#{sym} = nil unless defined? @@#{sym}

        def self.#{sym}
          @@#{sym}
        end
", __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)

      unless options[:instance_reader] == false || options[:instance_accessor] == false
        class_eval("          def #{sym}
            @@#{sym}
          end
", __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
      end
    end
  end
mattr_writer(*syms)
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors.rb, line 26
  def mattr_writer(*syms)
    options = syms.extract_options!
    syms.each do |sym|
      raise NameError.new('invalid attribute name') unless sym =~ /^[_A-Za-z]\w*$/
      class_eval("        def self.#{sym}=(obj)
          @@#{sym} = obj
        end
", __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)

      unless options[:instance_writer] == false || options[:instance_accessor] == false
        class_eval("          def #{sym}=(obj)
            @@#{sym} = obj
          end
", __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
      end
    end
  end
parent()

Returns the module which contains this one according to its name.

module M
  module N
  end
end
X = M::N

M::N.parent # => M
X.parent    # => M

The parent of top-level and anonymous modules is Object.

M.parent          # => Object
Module.new.parent # => Object
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/introspection.rb, line 30
def parent
  parent_name ? ActiveSupport::Inflector.constantize(parent_name) : Object
end
parent_name()

Returns the name of the module containing this one.

M::N.parent_name # => "M"
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/introspection.rb, line 7
def parent_name
  if defined? @parent_name
    @parent_name
  else
    @parent_name = name =~ /::[^:]+\Z/ ? $`.freeze : nil
  end
end
parents()

Returns all the parents of this module according to its name, ordered from nested outwards. The receiver is not contained within the result.

module M
  module N
  end
end
X = M::N

M.parents    # => [Object]
M::N.parents # => [M, Object]
X.parents    # => [M, Object]
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/introspection.rb, line 46
def parents
  parents = []
  if parent_name
    parts = parent_name.split('::')
    until parts.empty?
      parents << ActiveSupport::Inflector.constantize(parts * '::')
      parts.pop
    end
  end
  parents << Object unless parents.include? Object
  parents
end
qualified_const_defined?(path, search_parents=true)
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/qualified_const.rb, line 26
def qualified_const_defined?(path, search_parents=true)
  QualifiedConstUtils.raise_if_absolute(path)

  QualifiedConstUtils.names(path).inject(self) do |mod, name|
    return unless mod.const_defined?(name, search_parents)
    mod.const_get(name)
  end
  return true
end
qualified_const_get(path)
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/qualified_const.rb, line 36
def qualified_const_get(path)
  QualifiedConstUtils.raise_if_absolute(path)

  QualifiedConstUtils.names(path).inject(self) do |mod, name|
    mod.const_get(name)
  end
end
qualified_const_set(path, value)
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/qualified_const.rb, line 44
def qualified_const_set(path, value)
  QualifiedConstUtils.raise_if_absolute(path)

  const_name = path.demodulize
  mod_name = path.deconstantize
  mod = mod_name.empty? ? self : qualified_const_get(mod_name)
  mod.const_set(const_name, value)
end
redefine_method(method, &block)
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/remove_method.rb, line 8
def redefine_method(method, &block)
  remove_possible_method(method)
  define_method(method, &block)
end
remove_possible_method(method)
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/module/remove_method.rb, line 2
def remove_possible_method(method)
  if method_defined?(method) || private_method_defined?(method)
    undef_method(method)
  end
end