Provides a number of methods for turning different kinds of containers into a set of option tags.
The collection_select
, select
and
time_zone_select
methods take an options
parameter, a hash:
-
:include_blank
- set to true or a prompt string if the first option element of the select element is a blank. Useful if there is not a default value required for the select element.select("post", "category", Post::CATEGORIES, {include_blank: true})
could become:
<select name="post[category]"> <option></option> <option>joke</option> <option>poem</option> </select>
Another common case is a select tag for a
belongs_to
-associated object.Example with
@post.person_id => 2
:select("post", "person_id", Person.all.collect {|p| [ p.name, p.id ] }, {include_blank: 'None'})
could become:
<select name="post[person_id]"> <option value="">None</option> <option value="1">David</option> <option value="2" selected="selected">Sam</option> <option value="3">Tobias</option> </select>
-
:prompt
- set to true or a prompt string. When the select element doesn't have a value yet, this prepends an option with a generic prompt – “Please select” – or the given prompt string.select("post", "person_id", Person.all.collect {|p| [ p.name, p.id ] }, {prompt: 'Select Person'})
could become:
<select name="post[person_id]"> <option value="">Select Person</option> <option value="1">David</option> <option value="2">Sam</option> <option value="3">Tobias</option> </select>
-
:index
- like the other form helpers,select
can accept an:index
option to manually set the ID used in the resulting output. Unlike other helpers,select
expects this option to be in thehtml_options
parameter.select("album[]", "genre", %w[rap rock country], {}, { index: nil })
becomes:
<select name="album[][genre]" id="album__genre"> <option value="rap">rap</option> <option value="rock">rock</option> <option value="country">country</option> </select>
-
:disabled
- can be a single value or an array of values that will be disabled options in the final output.select("post", "category", Post::CATEGORIES, {disabled: 'restricted'})
could become:
<select name="post[category]"> <option></option> <option>joke</option> <option>poem</option> <option disabled="disabled">restricted</option> </select>
When used with the
collection_select
helper,:disabled
can also be a Proc that identifies those options that should be disabled.collection_select(:post, :category_id, Category.all, :id, :name, {disabled: lambda{|category| category.archived? }})
If the categories “2008 stuff” and “Christmas” return true when the method
archived?
is called, this would return:<select name="post[category_id]"> <option value="1" disabled="disabled">2008 stuff</option> <option value="2" disabled="disabled">Christmas</option> <option value="3">Jokes</option> <option value="4">Poems</option> </select>
- C
- G
- O
- S
- T
Returns check box tags for the collection of existing return values of
method
for object
's class. The value returned
from calling method
on the instance object
will
be selected. If calling method
returns nil
, no
selection is made.
The :value_method
and :text_method
parameters are
methods to be called on each member of collection
. The return
values are used as the value
attribute and contents of each
check box tag, respectively. They can also be any object that responds to
call
, such as a proc
, that will be called for
each member of the collection
to retrieve the value/text.
Example object structure for use with this method:
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
has_and_belongs_to_many :authors
end
class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
has_and_belongs_to_many :posts
def name_with_initial
"#{first_name.first}. #{last_name}"
end
end
Sample usage (selecting the associated Author for an instance of Post,
@post
):
collection_check_boxes(:post, :author_ids, Author.all, :id, :name_with_initial)
If @post.author_ids
is already [1]
, this would
return:
<input id="post_author_ids_1" name="post[author_ids][]" type="checkbox" value="1" checked="checked" />
<label for="post_author_ids_1">D. Heinemeier Hansson</label>
<input id="post_author_ids_2" name="post[author_ids][]" type="checkbox" value="2" />
<label for="post_author_ids_2">D. Thomas</label>
<input id="post_author_ids_3" name="post[author_ids][]" type="checkbox" value="3" />
<label for="post_author_ids_3">M. Clark</label>
<input name="post[author_ids][]" type="hidden" value="" />
It is also possible to customize the way the elements will be shown by giving a block to the method:
collection_check_boxes(:post, :author_ids, Author.all, :id, :name_with_initial) do |b|
b.label { b.check_box }
end
The argument passed to the block is a special kind of builder for this collection, which has the ability to generate the label and check box for the current item in the collection, with proper text and value. Using it, you can change the label and check box display order or even use the label as wrapper, as in the example above.
The builder methods label
and check_box
also
accept extra HTML options:
collection_check_boxes(:post, :author_ids, Author.all, :id, :name_with_initial) do |b|
b.label(class: "check_box") { b.check_box(class: "check_box") }
end
There are also three special methods available: object
,
text
and value
, which are the current item being
rendered, its text and value methods, respectively. You can use them like
this:
collection_check_boxes(:post, :author_ids, Author.all, :id, :name_with_initial) do |b|
b.label(:"data-value" => b.value) { b.check_box + b.text }
end
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 710 def collection_check_boxes(object, method, collection, value_method, text_method, options = {}, html_options = {}, &block) Tags::CollectionCheckBoxes.new(object, method, self, collection, value_method, text_method, options, html_options).render(&block) end
Returns radio button tags for the collection of existing return values of
method
for object
's class. The value returned
from calling method
on the instance object
will
be selected. If calling method
returns nil
, no
selection is made.
The :value_method
and :text_method
parameters are
methods to be called on each member of collection
. The return
values are used as the value
attribute and contents of each
radio button tag, respectively. They can also be any object that responds
to call
, such as a proc
, that will be called for
each member of the collection
to retrieve the value/text.
Example object structure for use with this method:
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :author
end
class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :posts
def name_with_initial
"#{first_name.first}. #{last_name}"
end
end
Sample usage (selecting the associated Author for an instance of Post,
@post
):
collection_radio_buttons(:post, :author_id, Author.all, :id, :name_with_initial)
If @post.author_id
is already 1
, this would
return:
<input id="post_author_id_1" name="post[author_id]" type="radio" value="1" checked="checked" />
<label for="post_author_id_1">D. Heinemeier Hansson</label>
<input id="post_author_id_2" name="post[author_id]" type="radio" value="2" />
<label for="post_author_id_2">D. Thomas</label>
<input id="post_author_id_3" name="post[author_id]" type="radio" value="3" />
<label for="post_author_id_3">M. Clark</label>
It is also possible to customize the way the elements will be shown by giving a block to the method:
collection_radio_buttons(:post, :author_id, Author.all, :id, :name_with_initial) do |b|
b.label { b.radio_button }
end
The argument passed to the block is a special kind of builder for this collection, which has the ability to generate the label and radio button for the current item in the collection, with proper text and value. Using it, you can change the label and radio button display order or even use the label as wrapper, as in the example above.
The builder methods label
and radio_button
also
accept extra HTML options:
collection_radio_buttons(:post, :author_id, Author.all, :id, :name_with_initial) do |b|
b.label(class: "radio_button") { b.radio_button(class: "radio_button") }
end
There are also three special methods available: object
,
text
and value
, which are the current item being
rendered, its text and value methods, respectively. You can use them like
this:
collection_radio_buttons(:post, :author_id, Author.all, :id, :name_with_initial) do |b|
b.label(:"data-value" => b.value) { b.radio_button + b.text }
end
Returns <select>
and <option>
tags
for the collection of existing return values of method
for
object
's class. The value returned from calling
method
on the instance object
will be selected.
If calling method
returns nil
, no selection is
made without including :prompt
or :include_blank
in the options
hash.
The :value_method
and :text_method
parameters are
methods to be called on each member of collection
. The return
values are used as the value
attribute and contents of each
<option>
tag, respectively. They can also be any object
that responds to call
, such as a proc
, that will
be called for each member of the collection
to retrieve the
value/text.
Example object structure for use with this method:
class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :author
end
class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :posts
def name_with_initial
"#{first_name.first}. #{last_name}"
end
end
Sample usage (selecting the associated Author for an instance of Post,
@post
):
collection_select(:post, :author_id, Author.all, :id, :name_with_initial, prompt: true)
If @post.author_id
is already 1
, this would
return:
<select name="post[author_id]">
<option value="">Please select</option>
<option value="1" selected="selected">D. Heinemeier Hansson</option>
<option value="2">D. Thomas</option>
<option value="3">M. Clark</option>
</select>
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 201 def collection_select(object, method, collection, value_method, text_method, options = {}, html_options = {}) Tags::CollectionSelect.new(object, method, self, collection, value_method, text_method, options, html_options).render end
Returns <select>
, <optgroup>
and
<option>
tags for the collection of existing return
values of method
for object
's class. The
value returned from calling method
on the instance
object
will be selected. If calling method
returns nil
, no selection is made without including
:prompt
or :include_blank
in the
options
hash.
Parameters:
-
object
- The instance of the class to be used for the select tag -
method
- The attribute ofobject
corresponding to the select tag -
collection
- An array of objects representing the<optgroup>
tags. -
group_method
- The name of a method which, when called on a member ofcollection
, returns an array of child objects representing the<option>
tags. -
group_label_method
- The name of a method which, when called on a member ofcollection
, returns a string to be used as thelabel
attribute for its<optgroup>
tag. -
option_key_method
- The name of a method which, when called on a child object of a member ofcollection
, returns a value to be used as thevalue
attribute for its<option>
tag. -
option_value_method
- The name of a method which, when called on a child object of a member ofcollection
, returns a value to be used as the contents of its<option>
tag.
Example object structure for use with this method:
class Continent < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :countries
# attribs: id, name
end
class Country < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :continent
# attribs: id, name, continent_id
end
class City < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :country
# attribs: id, name, country_id
end
Sample usage:
grouped_collection_select(:city, :country_id, @continents, :countries, :name, :id, :name)
Possible output:
<select name="city[country_id]">
<optgroup label="Africa">
<option value="1">South Africa</option>
<option value="3">Somalia</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Europe">
<option value="7" selected="selected">Denmark</option>
<option value="2">Ireland</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 257 def grouped_collection_select(object, method, collection, group_method, group_label_method, option_key_method, option_value_method, options = {}, html_options = {}) Tags::GroupedCollectionSelect.new(object, method, self, collection, group_method, group_label_method, option_key_method, option_value_method, options, html_options).render end
Returns a string of <option>
tags, like
options_for_select
, but wraps them with
<optgroup>
tags:
grouped_options = [
['North America',
[['United States','US'],'Canada']],
['Europe',
['Denmark','Germany','France']]
]
grouped_options_for_select(grouped_options)
grouped_options = {
'North America' => [['United States','US'], 'Canada'],
'Europe' => ['Denmark','Germany','France']
}
grouped_options_for_select(grouped_options)
Possible output:
<optgroup label="North America">
<option value="US">United States</option>
<option value="Canada">Canada</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Europe">
<option value="Denmark">Denmark</option>
<option value="Germany">Germany</option>
<option value="France">France</option>
</optgroup>
Parameters:
-
grouped_options
- Accepts a nested array or hash of strings. The first value serves as the<optgroup>
label while the second value must be an array of options. The second value can be a nested array of text-value pairs. Seeoptions_for_select
for more info.Ex. ["North America",[["United States","US"],["Canada","CA"]]]
-
selected_key
- A value equal to thevalue
attribute for one of the<option>
tags, which will have theselected
attribute set. Note: It is possible for this value to match multiple options as you might have the same option in multiple groups. Each will then getselected="selected"
.
Options:
-
:prompt
- set to true or a prompt string. When the select element doesn't have a value yet, this prepends an option with a generic prompt - “Please select” - or the given prompt string. -
:divider
- the divider for the options groups.grouped_options = [ [['United States','US'], 'Canada'], ['Denmark','Germany','France'] ] grouped_options_for_select(grouped_options, nil, divider: '---------')
Possible output:
<optgroup label="---------"> <option value="US">United States</option> <option value="Canada">Canada</option> </optgroup> <optgroup label="---------"> <option value="Denmark">Denmark</option> <option value="Germany">Germany</option> <option value="France">France</option> </optgroup>
Note: Only the <optgroup>
and
<option>
tags are returned, so you still have to wrap
the output in an appropriate <select>
tag.
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 524 def grouped_options_for_select(grouped_options, selected_key = nil, options = {}) prompt = options[:prompt] divider = options[:divider] body = "".html_safe if prompt body.safe_concat content_tag(:option, prompt_text(prompt), value: "") end grouped_options.each do |container| html_attributes = option_html_attributes(container) if divider label = divider else label, container = container end html_attributes = { label: label }.merge!(html_attributes) body.safe_concat content_tag(:optgroup, options_for_select(container, selected_key), html_attributes) end body end
Returns a string of <option>
tags, like
options_from_collection_for_select
, but groups them by
<optgroup>
tags based on the object relationships of the
arguments.
Parameters:
-
collection
- An array of objects representing the<optgroup>
tags. -
group_method
- The name of a method which, when called on a member ofcollection
, returns an array of child objects representing the<option>
tags. -
group_label_method
- The name of a method which, when called on a member ofcollection
, returns a string to be used as thelabel
attribute for its<optgroup>
tag. -
option_key_method
- The name of a method which, when called on a child object of a member ofcollection
, returns a value to be used as thevalue
attribute for its<option>
tag. -
option_value_method
- The name of a method which, when called on a child object of a member ofcollection
, returns a value to be used as the contents of its<option>
tag. -
selected_key
- A value equal to thevalue
attribute for one of the<option>
tags, which will have theselected
attribute set. Corresponds to the return value of one of the calls tooption_key_method
. Ifnil
, no selection is made. Can also be a hash if disabled values are to be specified.
Example object structure for use with this method:
class Continent < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :countries
# attribs: id, name
end
class Country < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :continent
# attribs: id, name, continent_id
end
Sample usage:
option_groups_from_collection_for_select(@continents, :countries, :name, :id, :name, 3)
Possible output:
<optgroup label="Africa">
<option value="1">Egypt</option>
<option value="4">Rwanda</option>
...
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Asia">
<option value="3" selected="selected">China</option>
<option value="12">India</option>
<option value="5">Japan</option>
...
</optgroup>
Note: Only the <optgroup>
and
<option>
tags are returned, so you still have to wrap
the output in an appropriate <select>
tag.
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 454 def option_groups_from_collection_for_select(collection, group_method, group_label_method, option_key_method, option_value_method, selected_key = nil) collection.map do |group| option_tags = options_from_collection_for_select( group.send(group_method), option_key_method, option_value_method, selected_key) content_tag(:optgroup, option_tags, label: group.send(group_label_method)) end.join.html_safe end
Accepts a container (hash, array, enumerable, your type) and returns a
string of option tags. Given a container where the elements respond to
first and last (such as a two-element array), the “lasts” serve as option
values and the “firsts” as option text. Hashes are turned into this form
automatically, so the keys become “firsts” and values become lasts. If
selected
is specified, the matching “last” or element will get
the selected option-tag. selected
may also be an array of
values to be selected when using a multiple select.
options_for_select([["Dollar", "$"], ["Kroner", "DKK"]])
# => <option value="$">Dollar</option>
# => <option value="DKK">Kroner</option>
options_for_select([ "VISA", "MasterCard" ], "MasterCard")
# => <option>VISA</option>
# => <option selected="selected">MasterCard</option>
options_for_select({ "Basic" => "$20", "Plus" => "$40" }, "$40")
# => <option value="$20">Basic</option>
# => <option value="$40" selected="selected">Plus</option>
options_for_select([ "VISA", "MasterCard", "Discover" ], ["VISA", "Discover"])
# => <option selected="selected">VISA</option>
# => <option>MasterCard</option>
# => <option selected="selected">Discover</option>
You can optionally provide HTML attributes as the last element of the array.
options_for_select([ "Denmark", ["USA", {class: 'bold'}], "Sweden" ], ["USA", "Sweden"])
# => <option value="Denmark">Denmark</option>
# => <option value="USA" class="bold" selected="selected">USA</option>
# => <option value="Sweden" selected="selected">Sweden</option>
options_for_select([["Dollar", "$", {class: "bold"}], ["Kroner", "DKK", {onclick: "alert('HI');"}]])
# => <option value="$" class="bold">Dollar</option>
# => <option value="DKK" onclick="alert('HI');">Kroner</option>
If you wish to specify disabled option tags, set selected
to
be a hash, with :disabled
being either a value or array of
values to be disabled. In this case, you can use :selected
to
specify selected option tags.
options_for_select(["Free", "Basic", "Advanced", "Super Platinum"], disabled: "Super Platinum")
# => <option value="Free">Free</option>
# => <option value="Basic">Basic</option>
# => <option value="Advanced">Advanced</option>
# => <option value="Super Platinum" disabled="disabled">Super Platinum</option>
options_for_select(["Free", "Basic", "Advanced", "Super Platinum"], disabled: ["Advanced", "Super Platinum"])
# => <option value="Free">Free</option>
# => <option value="Basic">Basic</option>
# => <option value="Advanced" disabled="disabled">Advanced</option>
# => <option value="Super Platinum" disabled="disabled">Super Platinum</option>
options_for_select(["Free", "Basic", "Advanced", "Super Platinum"], selected: "Free", disabled: "Super Platinum")
# => <option value="Free" selected="selected">Free</option>
# => <option value="Basic">Basic</option>
# => <option value="Advanced">Advanced</option>
# => <option value="Super Platinum" disabled="disabled">Super Platinum</option>
NOTE: Only the option tags are returned, you have to wrap this call in a regular HTML select tag.
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 350 def options_for_select(container, selected = nil) return container if String === container selected, disabled = extract_selected_and_disabled(selected).map do |r| Array(r).map { |item| item.to_s } end container.map do |element| html_attributes = option_html_attributes(element) text, value = option_text_and_value(element).map { |item| item.to_s } html_attributes[:selected] ||= option_value_selected?(value, selected) html_attributes[:disabled] ||= disabled && option_value_selected?(value, disabled) html_attributes[:value] = value content_tag_string(:option, text, html_attributes) end.join("\n").html_safe end
Returns a string of option tags that have been compiled by iterating over
the collection
and assigning the result of a call to the
value_method
as the option value and the
text_method
as the option text.
options_from_collection_for_select(@people, 'id', 'name')
# => <option value="#{person.id}">#{person.name}</option>
This is more often than not used inside a select_tag like this example:
select_tag 'person', options_from_collection_for_select(@people, 'id', 'name')
If selected
is specified as a value or array of values, the
element(s) returning a match on value_method
will be selected
option tag(s).
If selected
is specified as a Proc, those members of the
collection that return true for the anonymous function are the selected
values.
selected
can also be a hash, specifying both
:selected
and/or :disabled
values as required.
Be sure to specify the same class as the value_method
when
specifying selected or disabled options. Failure to do this will produce
undesired results. Example:
options_from_collection_for_select(@people, 'id', 'name', '1')
Will not select a person with the id of 1 because 1 (an Integer) is not the same as '1' (a string)
options_from_collection_for_select(@people, 'id', 'name', 1)
should produce the desired results.
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 393 def options_from_collection_for_select(collection, value_method, text_method, selected = nil) options = collection.map do |element| [value_for_collection(element, text_method), value_for_collection(element, value_method), option_html_attributes(element)] end selected, disabled = extract_selected_and_disabled(selected) select_deselect = { selected: extract_values_from_collection(collection, value_method, selected), disabled: extract_values_from_collection(collection, value_method, disabled) } options_for_select(options, select_deselect) end
Create a select tag and a series of contained option tags for the provided object and method. The option currently held by the object will be selected, provided that the object is available.
There are two possible formats for the choices
parameter,
corresponding to other helpers' output:
-
A flat collection (see
options_for_select
). -
A nested collection (see
grouped_options_for_select
).
For example:
select("post", "person_id", Person.all.collect {|p| [ p.name, p.id ] }, { include_blank: true })
would become:
<select name="post[person_id]">
<option value=""></option>
<option value="1" selected="selected">David</option>
<option value="2">Sam</option>
<option value="3">Tobias</option>
</select>
assuming the associated person has ID 1.
This can be used to provide a default set of options in the standard way: before rendering the create form, a new model instance is assigned the default options and bound to @model_name. Usually this model is not saved to the database. Instead, a second model object is created when the create request is received. This allows the user to submit a form page more than once with the expected results of creating multiple records. In addition, this allows a single partial to be used to generate form inputs for both edit and create forms.
By default, post.person_id
is the selected option. Specify
selected: value
to use a different selection or
selected: nil
to leave all options unselected. Similarly, you
can specify values to be disabled in the option tags by specifying the
:disabled
option. This can either be a single value or an
array of values to be disabled.
A block can be passed to select
to customize how the options
tags will be rendered. This is useful when the options tag has complex
attributes.
select(report, "campaign_ids") do
available_campaigns.each do |c|
content_tag(:option, c.name, value: c.id, data: { tags: c.tags.to_json })
end
end
Gotcha
The HTML specification says when multiple
parameter passed to
select and all options got deselected web browsers do not send any value to
server. Unfortunately this introduces a gotcha: if an User
model has many roles
and have role_ids
accessor,
and in the form that edits roles of the user the user deselects all roles
from role_ids
multiple select box, no role_ids
parameter is sent. So, any mass-assignment idiom like
@user.update(params[:user])
wouldn't update roles.
To prevent this the helper generates an auxiliary hidden field before every multiple select. The hidden field has the same name as multiple select and blank value.
Note: The client either sends only the hidden field (representing the deselected multiple select box), or both fields. This means that the resulting array always contains a blank string.
In case if you don't want the helper to generate this hidden field you
can specify include_hidden: false
option.
Returns a string of option tags for pretty much any time zone in the world.
Supply a ActiveSupport::TimeZone name
as selected
to have it marked as the selected option tag. You
can also supply an array of ActiveSupport::TimeZone
objects as priority_zones
, so that they will be listed above
the rest of the (long) list. (You can use ActiveSupport::TimeZone.us_zones
as a convenience for obtaining a list of the US time zones, or a Regexp to
select the zones of your choice)
The selected
parameter must be either nil
, or a
string that names a ActiveSupport::TimeZone.
By default, model
is the ActiveSupport::TimeZone
constant (which can be obtained in Active Record as a value object). The
only requirement is that the model
parameter be an object that
responds to all
, and returns an array of objects that
represent time zones.
NOTE: Only the option tags are returned, you have to wrap this call in a regular HTML select tag.
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/form_options_helper.rb, line 568 def time_zone_options_for_select(selected = nil, priority_zones = nil, model = ::ActiveSupport::TimeZone) zone_options = "".html_safe zones = model.all convert_zones = lambda { |list| list.map { |z| [ z.to_s, z.name ] } } if priority_zones if priority_zones.is_a?(Regexp) priority_zones = zones.select { |z| z =~ priority_zones } end zone_options.safe_concat options_for_select(convert_zones[priority_zones], selected) zone_options.safe_concat content_tag(:option, '-------------', value: '', disabled: true) zone_options.safe_concat "\n" zones = zones - priority_zones end zone_options.safe_concat options_for_select(convert_zones[zones], selected) end
Returns select and option tags for the given object and method, using time_zone_options_for_select to generate the list of option tags.
In addition to the :include_blank
option documented above,
this method also supports a :model
option, which defaults to
ActiveSupport::TimeZone.
This may be used by users to specify a different time zone model object.
(See time_zone_options_for_select
for more information.)
You can also supply an array of ActiveSupport::TimeZone
objects as priority_zones
, so that they will be listed above
the rest of the (long) list. (You can use ActiveSupport::TimeZone.us_zones
as a convenience for obtaining a list of the US time zones, or a Regexp to
select the zones of your choice)
Finally, this method supports a :default
option, which selects
a default ActiveSupport::TimeZone if the
object's time zone is nil
.
time_zone_select( "user", "time_zone", nil, include_blank: true)
time_zone_select( "user", "time_zone", nil, default: "Pacific Time (US & Canada)" )
time_zone_select( "user", 'time_zone', ActiveSupport::TimeZone.us_zones, default: "Pacific Time (US & Canada)")
time_zone_select( "user", 'time_zone', [ ActiveSupport::TimeZone['Alaska'], ActiveSupport::TimeZone['Hawaii'] ])
time_zone_select( "user", 'time_zone', /Australia/)
time_zone_select( "user", "time_zone", ActiveSupport::TimeZone.all.sort, model: ActiveSupport::TimeZone)