This module provides methods for generating HTML that links views to assets such as images, JavaScripts, stylesheets, and feeds. These methods do not verify the assets exist before linking to them:
image_tag("rails.png")
# => <img src="/assets/rails.png" />
stylesheet_link_tag("application")
# => <link href="/assets/application.css?body=1" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" />
- A
- F
- I
- J
- P
- S
- V
Returns an HTML audio tag for the sources
. If
sources
is a string, a single audio tag will be returned. If
sources
is an array, an audio tag with nested source tags for
each source will be returned. The sources
can be full paths or
files that exist in your public audios directory.
When the last parameter is a hash you can add HTML attributes using that parameter.
audio_tag("sound")
# => <audio src="/audios/sound"></audio>
audio_tag("sound.wav")
# => <audio src="/audios/sound.wav"></audio>
audio_tag("sound.wav", autoplay: true, controls: true)
# => <audio autoplay="autoplay" controls="controls" src="/audios/sound.wav"></audio>
audio_tag("sound.wav", "sound.mid")
# => <audio><source src="/audios/sound.wav" /><source src="/audios/sound.mid" /></audio>
Returns a link tag that browsers and feed readers can use to auto-detect an
RSS, Atom, or JSON feed. The type
can be :rss
(default), :atom
, or :json
. Control the link
options in url_for format using the url_options
. You can
modify the LINK tag itself in tag_options
.
Options
-
:rel
- Specify the relation of this link, defaults to “alternate” -
:type
- Override the auto-generated mime type -
:title
- Specify the title of the link, defaults to thetype
Examples
auto_discovery_link_tag
# => <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="http://www.currenthost.com/controller/action" />
auto_discovery_link_tag(:atom)
# => <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ATOM" href="http://www.currenthost.com/controller/action" />
auto_discovery_link_tag(:json)
# => <link rel="alternate" type="application/json" title="JSON" href="http://www.currenthost.com/controller/action" />
auto_discovery_link_tag(:rss, {action: "feed"})
# => <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="http://www.currenthost.com/controller/feed" />
auto_discovery_link_tag(:rss, {action: "feed"}, {title: "My RSS"})
# => <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="My RSS" href="http://www.currenthost.com/controller/feed" />
auto_discovery_link_tag(:rss, {controller: "news", action: "feed"})
# => <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="http://www.currenthost.com/news/feed" />
auto_discovery_link_tag(:rss, "http://www.example.com/feed.rss", {title: "Example RSS"})
# => <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Example RSS" href="http://www.example.com/feed.rss" />
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper.rb, line 185 def auto_discovery_link_tag(type = :rss, url_options = {}, tag_options = {}) if !(type == :rss || type == :atom || type == :json) && tag_options[:type].blank? raise ArgumentError.new("You should pass :type tag_option key explicitly, because you have passed #{type} type other than :rss, :atom, or :json.") end tag( "link", "rel" => tag_options[:rel] || "alternate", "type" => tag_options[:type] || Template::Types[type].to_s, "title" => tag_options[:title] || type.to_s.upcase, "href" => url_options.is_a?(Hash) ? url_for(url_options.merge(only_path: false)) : url_options ) end
Returns a link tag for a favicon managed by the asset pipeline.
If a page has no link like the one generated by this helper, browsers ask
for /favicon.ico
automatically, and cache the file if the
request succeeds. If the favicon changes it is hard to get it updated.
To have better control applications may let the asset pipeline manage their
favicon storing the file under app/assets/images
, and using
this helper to generate its corresponding link tag.
The helper gets the name of the favicon file as first argument, which
defaults to “favicon.ico”, and also supports :rel
and
:type
options to override their defaults, “shortcut icon” and
“image/x-icon” respectively:
favicon_link_tag
# => <link href="/assets/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" />
favicon_link_tag 'myicon.ico'
# => <link href="/assets/myicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" />
Mobile Safari looks for a different link tag, pointing to an image that will be used if you add the page to the home screen of an iOS device. The following call would generate such a tag:
favicon_link_tag 'mb-icon.png', rel: 'apple-touch-icon', type: 'image/png'
# => <link href="/assets/mb-icon.png" rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" />
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper.rb, line 226 def favicon_link_tag(source = "favicon.ico", options = {}) tag("link", { rel: "shortcut icon", type: "image/x-icon", href: path_to_image(source, skip_pipeline: options.delete(:skip_pipeline)) }.merge!(options.symbolize_keys)) end
Returns a string suitable for an HTML image tag alt attribute. The
src
argument is meant to be an image file path. The method
removes the basename of the file path and the digest, if any. It also
removes hyphens and underscores from file names and replaces them with
spaces, returning a space-separated, titleized string.
Examples
image_alt('rails.png')
# => Rails
image_alt('hyphenated-file-name.png')
# => Hyphenated file name
image_alt('underscored_file_name.png')
# => Underscored file name
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper.rb, line 375 def image_alt(src) ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("image_alt is deprecated and will be removed from Rails 6.0. You must explicitly set alt text on images.") File.basename(src, ".*".freeze).sub(/-[[:xdigit:]]{32,64}\z/, "".freeze).tr("-_".freeze, " ".freeze).capitalize end
Returns an HTML image tag for the source
. The
source
can be a full path, a file, or an Active Storage
attachment.
Options
You can add HTML attributes using the options
. The
options
supports additional keys for convenience and
conformance:
-
:size
- Supplied as “{Width}x{Height}” or “{Number}”, so “30x45” becomes width=“30” and height=“45”, and “50” becomes width=“50” and height=“50”.:size
will be ignored if the value is not in the correct format. -
:srcset
- If supplied as a hash or array of[source, descriptor]
pairs, each image path will be expanded before the list is formatted as a string.
Examples
Assets (images that are part of your app):
image_tag("icon")
# => <img src="/assets/icon" />
image_tag("icon.png")
# => <img src="/assets/icon.png" />
image_tag("icon.png", size: "16x10", alt: "Edit Entry")
# => <img src="/assets/icon.png" width="16" height="10" alt="Edit Entry" />
image_tag("/icons/icon.gif", size: "16")
# => <img src="/icons/icon.gif" width="16" height="16" />
image_tag("/icons/icon.gif", height: '32', width: '32')
# => <img height="32" src="/icons/icon.gif" width="32" />
image_tag("/icons/icon.gif", class: "menu_icon")
# => <img class="menu_icon" src="/icons/icon.gif" />
image_tag("/icons/icon.gif", data: { title: 'Rails Application' })
# => <img data-title="Rails Application" src="/icons/icon.gif" />
image_tag("icon.png", srcset: { "icon_2x.png" => "2x", "icon_4x.png" => "4x" })
# => <img src="/assets/icon.png" srcset="/assets/icon_2x.png 2x, /assets/icon_4x.png 4x">
image_tag("pic.jpg", srcset: [["pic_1024.jpg", "1024w"], ["pic_1980.jpg", "1980w"]], sizes: "100vw")
# => <img src="/assets/pic.jpg" srcset="/assets/pic_1024.jpg 1024w, /assets/pic_1980.jpg 1980w" sizes="100vw">
Active Storage (images that are uploaded by the users of your app):
image_tag(user.avatar)
# => <img src="/rails/active_storage/blobs/.../tiger.jpg" />
image_tag(user.avatar.variant(resize: "100x100"))
# => <img src="/rails/active_storage/variants/.../tiger.jpg" />
image_tag(user.avatar.variant(resize: "100x100"), size: '100')
# => <img width="100" height="100" src="/rails/active_storage/variants/.../tiger.jpg" />
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper.rb, line 340 def image_tag(source, options = {}) options = options.symbolize_keys check_for_image_tag_errors(options) skip_pipeline = options.delete(:skip_pipeline) options[:src] = resolve_image_source(source, skip_pipeline) if options[:srcset] && !options[:srcset].is_a?(String) options[:srcset] = options[:srcset].map do |src_path, size| src_path = path_to_image(src_path, skip_pipeline: skip_pipeline) "#{src_path} #{size}" end.join(", ") end options[:width], options[:height] = extract_dimensions(options.delete(:size)) if options[:size] tag("img", options) end
Returns an HTML script tag for each of the sources
provided.
Sources may be paths to JavaScript files. Relative paths are assumed to be
relative to assets/javascripts
, full paths are assumed to be
relative to the document root. Relative paths are idiomatic, use absolute
paths only when needed.
When passing paths, the “.js” extension is optional. If you do not want
“.js” appended to the path extname: false
can be set on the
options.
You can modify the HTML attributes of the script tag by passing a hash as the last argument.
When the Asset Pipeline is enabled, you can pass the name of your manifest as source, and include other JavaScript or CoffeeScript files inside the manifest.
If the server supports Early Hints header links for these assets will be automatically pushed.
Options
When the last parameter is a hash you can add HTML attributes using that parameter. The following options are supported:
-
:extname
- Append an extension to the generated URL unless the extension already exists. This only applies for relative URLs. -
:protocol
- Sets the protocol of the generated URL. This option only applies when a relative URL andhost
options are provided. -
:host
- When a relative URL is provided the host is added to the that path. -
:skip_pipeline
- This option is used to bypass the asset pipeline when it is set to true. -
<tt>:nonce<tt> - When set to true, adds an automatic nonce value if you have Content Security Policy enabled.
Examples
javascript_include_tag "xmlhr"
# => <script src="/assets/xmlhr.debug-1284139606.js"></script>
javascript_include_tag "xmlhr", host: "localhost", protocol: "https"
# => <script src="https://localhost/assets/xmlhr.debug-1284139606.js"></script>
javascript_include_tag "template.jst", extname: false
# => <script src="/assets/template.debug-1284139606.jst"></script>
javascript_include_tag "xmlhr.js"
# => <script src="/assets/xmlhr.debug-1284139606.js"></script>
javascript_include_tag "common.javascript", "/elsewhere/cools"
# => <script src="/assets/common.javascript.debug-1284139606.js"></script>
# <script src="/elsewhere/cools.debug-1284139606.js"></script>
javascript_include_tag "http://www.example.com/xmlhr"
# => <script src="http://www.example.com/xmlhr"></script>
javascript_include_tag "http://www.example.com/xmlhr.js"
# => <script src="http://www.example.com/xmlhr.js"></script>
javascript_include_tag "http://www.example.com/xmlhr.js", nonce: true
# => <script src="http://www.example.com/xmlhr.js" nonce="..."></script>
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper.rb, line 87 def javascript_include_tag(*sources) options = sources.extract_options!.stringify_keys path_options = options.extract!("protocol", "extname", "host", "skip_pipeline").symbolize_keys early_hints_links = [] sources_tags = sources.uniq.map { |source| href = path_to_javascript(source, path_options) early_hints_links << "<#{href}>; rel=preload; as=script" tag_options = { "src" => href }.merge!(options) if tag_options["nonce"] == true tag_options["nonce"] = content_security_policy_nonce end content_tag("script".freeze, "", tag_options) }.join("\n").html_safe request.send_early_hints("Link" => early_hints_links.join("\n")) if respond_to?(:request) && request sources_tags end
Returns a link tag that browsers can use to preload the
source
. The source
can be the path of a resource
managed by asset pipeline, a full path, or an URI.
Options
-
:type
- Override the auto-generated mime type, defaults to the mime type forsource
extension. -
:as
- Override the auto-generated value for as attribute, calculated usingsource
extension and mime type. -
:crossorigin
- Specify the crossorigin attribute, required to load cross-origin resources. -
:nopush
- Specify if the use of server push is not desired for the resource. Defaults tofalse
.
Examples
preload_link_tag("custom_theme.css")
# => <link rel="preload" href="/assets/custom_theme.css" as="style" type="text/css" />
preload_link_tag("/videos/video.webm")
# => <link rel="preload" href="/videos/video.mp4" as="video" type="video/webm" />
preload_link_tag(post_path(format: :json), as: "fetch")
# => <link rel="preload" href="/posts.json" as="fetch" type="application/json" />
preload_link_tag("worker.js", as: "worker")
# => <link rel="preload" href="/assets/worker.js" as="worker" type="text/javascript" />
preload_link_tag("//example.com/font.woff2")
# => <link rel="preload" href="//example.com/font.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/>
preload_link_tag("//example.com/font.woff2", crossorigin: "use-credentials")
# => <link rel="preload" href="//example.com/font.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="use-credentials" />
preload_link_tag("/media/audio.ogg", nopush: true)
# => <link rel="preload" href="/media/audio.ogg" as="audio" type="audio/ogg" />
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper.rb, line 268 def preload_link_tag(source, options = {}) href = asset_path(source, skip_pipeline: options.delete(:skip_pipeline)) extname = File.extname(source).downcase.delete(".") mime_type = options.delete(:type) || Template::Types[extname].try(:to_s) as_type = options.delete(:as) || resolve_link_as(extname, mime_type) crossorigin = options.delete(:crossorigin) crossorigin = "anonymous" if crossorigin == true || (crossorigin.blank? && as_type == "font") nopush = options.delete(:nopush) || false link_tag = tag.link({ rel: "preload", href: href, as: as_type, type: mime_type, crossorigin: crossorigin }.merge!(options.symbolize_keys)) early_hints_link = "<#{href}>; rel=preload; as=#{as_type}" early_hints_link += "; type=#{mime_type}" if mime_type early_hints_link += "; crossorigin=#{crossorigin}" if crossorigin early_hints_link += "; nopush" if nopush request.send_early_hints("Link" => early_hints_link) if respond_to?(:request) && request link_tag end
Returns a stylesheet link tag for the sources specified as arguments. If
you don't specify an extension, .css
will be appended
automatically. You can modify the link attributes by passing a hash as the
last argument. For historical reasons, the 'media' attribute will
always be present and defaults to “screen”, so you must explicitly set it
to “all” for the stylesheet(s) to apply to all media types.
If the server supports Early Hints header links for these assets will be automatically pushed.
stylesheet_link_tag "style"
# => <link href="/assets/style.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" />
stylesheet_link_tag "style.css"
# => <link href="/assets/style.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" />
stylesheet_link_tag "http://www.example.com/style.css"
# => <link href="http://www.example.com/style.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" />
stylesheet_link_tag "style", media: "all"
# => <link href="/assets/style.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" />
stylesheet_link_tag "style", media: "print"
# => <link href="/assets/style.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet" />
stylesheet_link_tag "random.styles", "/css/stylish"
# => <link href="/assets/random.styles" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" />
# <link href="/css/stylish.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" />
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper.rb, line 137 def stylesheet_link_tag(*sources) options = sources.extract_options!.stringify_keys path_options = options.extract!("protocol", "host", "skip_pipeline").symbolize_keys early_hints_links = [] sources_tags = sources.uniq.map { |source| href = path_to_stylesheet(source, path_options) early_hints_links << "<#{href}>; rel=preload; as=style" tag_options = { "rel" => "stylesheet", "media" => "screen", "href" => href }.merge!(options) tag(:link, tag_options) }.join("\n").html_safe request.send_early_hints("Link" => early_hints_links.join("\n")) if respond_to?(:request) && request sources_tags end
Returns an HTML video tag for the sources
. If
sources
is a string, a single video tag will be returned. If
sources
is an array, a video tag with nested source tags for
each source will be returned. The sources
can be full paths or
files that exist in your public videos directory.
Options
When the last parameter is a hash you can add HTML attributes using that parameter. The following options are supported:
-
:poster
- Set an image (like a screenshot) to be shown before the video loads. The path is calculated like thesrc
ofimage_tag
. -
:size
- Supplied as “{Width}x{Height}” or “{Number}”, so “30x45” becomes width=“30” and height=“45”, and “50” becomes width=“50” and height=“50”.:size
will be ignored if the value is not in the correct format. -
:poster_skip_pipeline
will bypass the asset pipeline when using the:poster
option instead using an asset in the public folder.
Examples
video_tag("trailer")
# => <video src="/videos/trailer"></video>
video_tag("trailer.ogg")
# => <video src="/videos/trailer.ogg"></video>
video_tag("trailer.ogg", controls: true, preload: 'none')
# => <video preload="none" controls="controls" src="/videos/trailer.ogg"></video>
video_tag("trailer.m4v", size: "16x10", poster: "screenshot.png")
# => <video src="/videos/trailer.m4v" width="16" height="10" poster="/assets/screenshot.png"></video>
video_tag("trailer.m4v", size: "16x10", poster: "screenshot.png", poster_skip_pipeline: true)
# => <video src="/videos/trailer.m4v" width="16" height="10" poster="screenshot.png"></video>
video_tag("/trailers/hd.avi", size: "16x16")
# => <video src="/trailers/hd.avi" width="16" height="16"></video>
video_tag("/trailers/hd.avi", size: "16")
# => <video height="16" src="/trailers/hd.avi" width="16"></video>
video_tag("/trailers/hd.avi", height: '32', width: '32')
# => <video height="32" src="/trailers/hd.avi" width="32"></video>
video_tag("trailer.ogg", "trailer.flv")
# => <video><source src="/videos/trailer.ogg" /><source src="/videos/trailer.flv" /></video>
video_tag(["trailer.ogg", "trailer.flv"])
# => <video><source src="/videos/trailer.ogg" /><source src="/videos/trailer.flv" /></video>
video_tag(["trailer.ogg", "trailer.flv"], size: "160x120")
# => <video height="120" width="160"><source src="/videos/trailer.ogg" /><source src="/videos/trailer.flv" /></video>
# File actionview/lib/action_view/helpers/asset_tag_helper.rb, line 424 def video_tag(*sources) options = sources.extract_options!.symbolize_keys public_poster_folder = options.delete(:poster_skip_pipeline) sources << options multiple_sources_tag_builder("video", sources) do |tag_options| tag_options[:poster] = path_to_image(tag_options[:poster], skip_pipeline: public_poster_folder) if tag_options[:poster] tag_options[:width], tag_options[:height] = extract_dimensions(tag_options.delete(:size)) if tag_options[:size] end end