Notifications

ActiveSupport::Notifications provides an instrumentation API for Ruby.

Instrumenters

To instrument an event you just need to do:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument('render', extra: :information) do
  render plain: 'Foo'
end

That first executes the block and then notifies all subscribers once done.

In the example above render is the name of the event, and the rest is called the payload. The payload is a mechanism that allows instrumenters to pass extra information to subscribers. Payloads consist of a hash whose contents are arbitrary and generally depend on the event.

Subscribers

You can consume those events and the information they provide by registering a subscriber.

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('render') do |name, start, finish, id, payload|
  name    # => String, name of the event (such as 'render' from above)
  start   # => Time, when the instrumented block started execution
  finish  # => Time, when the instrumented block ended execution
  id      # => String, unique ID for the instrumenter that fired the event
  payload # => Hash, the payload
end

For instance, let's store all “render” events in an array:

events = []

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('render') do |*args|
  events << ActiveSupport::Notifications::Event.new(*args)
end

That code returns right away, you are just subscribing to “render” events. The block is saved and will be called whenever someone instruments “render”:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument('render', extra: :information) do
  render plain: 'Foo'
end

event = events.first
event.name      # => "render"
event.duration  # => 10 (in milliseconds)
event.payload   # => { extra: :information }

The block in the subscribe call gets the name of the event, start timestamp, end timestamp, a string with a unique identifier for that event's instrumenter (something like “535801666f04d0298cd6”), and a hash with the payload, in that order.

If an exception happens during that particular instrumentation the payload will have a key :exception with an array of two elements as value: a string with the name of the exception class, and the exception message. The :exception_object key of the payload will have the exception itself as the value:

event.payload[:exception]         # => ["ArgumentError", "Invalid value"]
event.payload[:exception_object]  # => #<ArgumentError: Invalid value>

As the earlier example depicts, the class ActiveSupport::Notifications::Event is able to take the arguments as they come and provide an object-oriented interface to that data.

It is also possible to pass an object which responds to call method as the second parameter to the subscribe method instead of a block:

module ActionController
  class PageRequest
    def call(name, started, finished, unique_id, payload)
      Rails.logger.debug ['notification:', name, started, finished, unique_id, payload].join(' ')
    end
  end
end

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('process_action.action_controller', ActionController::PageRequest.new)

resulting in the following output within the logs including a hash with the payload:

notification: process_action.action_controller 2012-04-13 01:08:35 +0300 2012-04-13 01:08:35 +0300 af358ed7fab884532ec7 {
   controller: "Devise::SessionsController",
   action: "new",
   params: {"action"=>"new", "controller"=>"devise/sessions"},
   format: :html,
   method: "GET",
   path: "/login/sign_in",
   status: 200,
   view_runtime: 279.3080806732178,
   db_runtime: 40.053
 }

You can also subscribe to all events whose name matches a certain regexp:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe(/render/) do |*args|
  ...
end

and even pass no argument to subscribe, in which case you are subscribing to all events.

Temporary Subscriptions

Sometimes you do not want to subscribe to an event for the entire life of the application. There are two ways to unsubscribe.

WARNING: The instrumentation framework is designed for long-running subscribers, use this feature sparingly because it wipes some internal caches and that has a negative impact on performance.

Subscribe While a Block Runs

You can subscribe to some event temporarily while some block runs. For example, in

callback = lambda {|*args| ... }
ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribed(callback, "sql.active_record") do
  ...
end

the callback will be called for all “sql.active_record” events instrumented during the execution of the block. The callback is unsubscribed automatically after that.

Manual Unsubscription

The subscribe method returns a subscriber object:

subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("render") do |*args|
  ...
end

To prevent that block from being called anymore, just unsubscribe passing that reference:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe(subscriber)

You can also unsubscribe by passing the name of the subscriber object. Note that this will unsubscribe all subscriptions with the given name:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe("render")

Subscribers using a regexp or other pattern-matching object will remain subscribed to all events that match their original pattern, unless those events match a string passed to `unsubscribe`:

subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe(/render/) { }
ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe('render_template.action_view')
subscriber.matches?('render_template.action_view') # => false
subscriber.matches?('render_partial.action_view') # => true

Default Queue

Notifications ships with a queue implementation that consumes and publishes events to all log subscribers. You can use any queue implementation you want.

Namespace
Methods
I
P
S
U
Attributes
[RW] notifier
Class Public methods
instrument(name, payload = {})
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb, line 178
def instrument(name, payload = {})
  if notifier.listening?(name)
    instrumenter.instrument(name, payload) { yield payload if block_given? }
  else
    yield payload if block_given?
  end
end
instrumenter()
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb, line 226
def instrumenter
  InstrumentationRegistry.instance.instrumenter_for(notifier)
end
publish(name, *args)
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb, line 174
def publish(name, *args)
  notifier.publish(name, *args)
end
subscribe(*args, &block)

Subscribe to a given event name with the passed block.

You can subscribe to events by passing a String to match exact event names, or by passing a Regexp to match all events that match a pattern.

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe(/render/) do |*args|
  @event = ActiveSupport::Notifications::Event.new(*args)
end

The block will receive five parameters with information about the event:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('render') do |name, start, finish, id, payload|
  name    # => String, name of the event (such as 'render' from above)
  start   # => Time, when the instrumented block started execution
  finish  # => Time, when the instrumented block ended execution
  id      # => String, unique ID for the instrumenter that fired the event
  payload # => Hash, the payload
end

If the block passed to the method only takes one parameter, it will yield an event object to the block:

ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe(/render/) do |event|
  @event = event
end
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb, line 211
def subscribe(*args, &block)
  notifier.subscribe(*args, &block)
end
subscribed(callback, *args, &block)
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb, line 215
def subscribed(callback, *args, &block)
  subscriber = subscribe(*args, &callback)
  yield
ensure
  unsubscribe(subscriber)
end
unsubscribe(subscriber_or_name)
# File activesupport/lib/active_support/notifications.rb, line 222
def unsubscribe(subscriber_or_name)
  notifier.unsubscribe(subscriber_or_name)
end