Resource routing allows you to quickly declare all of the common routes for
a given resourceful controller. Instead of declaring separate routes for
your index
, show
, new
,
edit
, create
, update
and
destroy
actions, a resourceful route declares them in a single
line of code:
resources :photos
Sometimes, you have a resource that clients always look up without referencing an ID. A common example, /profile always shows the profile of the currently logged in user. In this case, you can use a singular resource to map /profile (rather than /profile/:id) to the show action.
resource :profile
It's common to have resources that are logically children of other resources:
resources :magazines do
resources :ads
end
You may wish to organize groups of controllers under a namespace. Most
commonly, you might group a number of administrative controllers under an
admin
namespace. You would place these controllers under the
app/controllers/admin
directory, and you can group them
together in your router:
namespace "admin" do
resources :posts, :comments
end
By default the :id
parameter doesn't accept dots. If you
need to use dots as part of the :id
parameter add a constraint
which overrides this restriction, e.g:
resources :articles, id: /[^\/]+/
This allows any character other than a slash as part of your
:id
.
- C
- M
- N
- R
- S
- U
- W
VALID_ON_OPTIONS | = | [:new, :collection, :member] |
CANONICAL_ACTIONS holds all actions that does not need a prefix or a path appended since they fit properly in their scope level. |
||
RESOURCE_OPTIONS | = | [:as, :controller, :path, :only, :except, :param, :concerns] |
CANONICAL_ACTIONS | = | %w(index create new show update destroy) |
RESOURCE_METHOD_SCOPES | = | [:collection, :member, :new] |
RESOURCE_SCOPES | = | [:resource, :resources] |
To add a route to the collection:
resources :photos do
collection do
get 'search'
end
end
This will enable Rails to recognize paths such as
/photos/search
with GET, and route to the search action of
PhotosController
. It will also create the
search_photos_url
and search_photos_path
route
helpers.
match 'path' => 'controller#action' match 'path', to: 'controller#action' match 'path', 'otherpath', on: :member, via: :get
# File actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb, line 1411 def match(path, *rest) if rest.empty? && Hash === path options = path path, to = options.find { |name, _value| name.is_a?(String) } options[:to] = to options.delete(path) paths = [path] else options = rest.pop || {} paths = [path] + rest end options[:anchor] = true unless options.key?(:anchor) if options[:on] && !VALID_ON_OPTIONS.include?(options[:on]) raise ArgumentError, "Unknown scope #{on.inspect} given to :on" end if @scope[:controller] && @scope[:action] options[:to] ||= "#{@scope[:controller]}##{@scope[:action]}" end paths.each do |_path| route_options = options.dup route_options[:path] ||= _path if _path.is_a?(String) path_without_format = _path.to_s.sub(/\(\.:format\)$/, '') if using_match_shorthand?(path_without_format, route_options) route_options[:to] ||= path_without_format.gsub(%r{^/}, "").sub(%r{/([^/]*)$}, '#\1') end decomposed_match(_path, route_options) end self end
To add a member route, add a member block into the resource block:
resources :photos do
member do
get 'preview'
end
end
This will recognize /photos/1/preview
with GET, and route to
the preview action of PhotosController
. It will also create
the preview_photo_url
and preview_photo_path
helpers.
# File actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb, line 1349 def member unless resource_scope? raise ArgumentError, "can't use member outside resource(s) scope" end with_scope_level(:member) do if shallow? shallow_scope(parent_resource.member_scope) { yield } else scope(parent_resource.member_scope) { yield } end end end
# File actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb, line 1375 def nested unless resource_scope? raise ArgumentError, "can't use nested outside resource(s) scope" end with_scope_level(:nested) do if shallow? && shallow_nesting_depth >= 1 shallow_scope(parent_resource.nested_scope, nested_options) { yield } else scope(parent_resource.nested_scope, nested_options) { yield } end end end
Sometimes, you have a resource that clients always look up without referencing an ID. A common example, /profile always shows the profile of the currently logged in user. In this case, you can use a singular resource to map /profile (rather than /profile/:id) to the show action:
resource :geocoder
creates six different routes in your application, all mapping to the
GeoCoders
controller (note that the controller is named after
the plural):
GET /geocoder/new
POST /geocoder
GET /geocoder
GET /geocoder/edit
PATCH/PUT /geocoder
DELETE /geocoder
Options
Takes same options as resources
.
# File actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb, line 1129 def resource(*resources, &block) options = resources.extract_options!.dup if apply_common_behavior_for(:resource, resources, options, &block) return self end resource_scope(:resource, SingletonResource.new(resources.pop, options)) do yield if block_given? concerns(options[:concerns]) if options[:concerns] collection do post :create end if parent_resource.actions.include?(:create) new do get :new end if parent_resource.actions.include?(:new) set_member_mappings_for_resource end self end
In Rails, a resourceful route provides a mapping between HTTP verbs and URLs and controller actions. By convention, each action also maps to particular CRUD operations in a database. A single entry in the routing file, such as
resources :photos
creates seven different routes in your application, all mapping to the
Photos
controller:
GET /photos
GET /photos/new
POST /photos
GET /photos/:id
GET /photos/:id/edit
PATCH/PUT /photos/:id
DELETE /photos/:id
Resources can also be nested infinitely by using this block syntax:
resources :photos do
resources :comments
end
This generates the following comments routes:
GET /photos/:photo_id/comments
GET /photos/:photo_id/comments/new
POST /photos/:photo_id/comments
GET /photos/:photo_id/comments/:id
GET /photos/:photo_id/comments/:id/edit
PATCH/PUT /photos/:photo_id/comments/:id
DELETE /photos/:photo_id/comments/:id
Options
Takes same options as Base#match
as well as:
- :path_names
-
Allows you to change the segment component of the
edit
andnew
actions. Actions not specified are not changed.resources :posts, path_names: { new: "brand_new" }
The above example will now change /posts/new to /posts/brand_new
- :path
-
Allows you to change the path prefix for the resource.
resources :posts, path: 'postings'
The resource and all segments will now route to /postings instead of /posts
- :only
-
Only generate routes for the given actions.
resources :cows, only: :show resources :cows, only: [:show, :index]
- :except
-
Generate all routes except for the given actions.
resources :cows, except: :show resources :cows, except: [:show, :index]
- :shallow
-
Generates shallow routes for nested resource(s). When placed on a parent resource, generates shallow routes for all nested resources.
resources :posts, shallow: true do resources :comments end
Is the same as:
resources :posts do resources :comments, except: [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy] end resources :comments, only: [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy]
This allows URLs for resources that otherwise would be deeply nested such as a comment on a blog post like
/posts/a-long-permalink/comments/1234
to be shortened to just/comments/1234
. - :shallow_path
-
Prefixes nested shallow routes with the specified path.
scope shallow_path: "sekret" do resources :posts do resources :comments, shallow: true end end
The
comments
resource here will have the following routes generated for it:post_comments GET /posts/:post_id/comments(.:format) post_comments POST /posts/:post_id/comments(.:format) new_post_comment GET /posts/:post_id/comments/new(.:format) edit_comment GET /sekret/comments/:id/edit(.:format) comment GET /sekret/comments/:id(.:format) comment PATCH/PUT /sekret/comments/:id(.:format) comment DELETE /sekret/comments/:id(.:format)
- :shallow_prefix
-
Prefixes nested shallow route names with specified prefix.
scope shallow_prefix: "sekret" do resources :posts do resources :comments, shallow: true end end
The
comments
resource here will have the following routes generated for it:post_comments GET /posts/:post_id/comments(.:format) post_comments POST /posts/:post_id/comments(.:format) new_post_comment GET /posts/:post_id/comments/new(.:format) edit_sekret_comment GET /comments/:id/edit(.:format) sekret_comment GET /comments/:id(.:format) sekret_comment PATCH/PUT /comments/:id(.:format) sekret_comment DELETE /comments/:id(.:format)
- :format
-
Allows you to specify the default value for optional
format
segment or disable it by supplyingfalse
.
Examples
# routes call <tt>Admin::PostsController</tt>
resources :posts, module: "admin"
# resource actions are at /admin/posts.
resources :posts, path: "admin/posts"
# File actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb, line 1287 def resources(*resources, &block) options = resources.extract_options!.dup if apply_common_behavior_for(:resources, resources, options, &block) return self end resource_scope(:resources, Resource.new(resources.pop, options)) do yield if block_given? concerns(options[:concerns]) if options[:concerns] collection do get :index if parent_resource.actions.include?(:index) post :create if parent_resource.actions.include?(:create) end new do get :new end if parent_resource.actions.include?(:new) set_member_mappings_for_resource end self end
# File actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb, line 1487 def root(path, options={}) if path.is_a?(String) options[:to] = path elsif path.is_a?(Hash) and options.empty? options = path else raise ArgumentError, "must be called with a path and/or options" end if @scope[:scope_level] == :resources with_scope_level(:root) do scope(parent_resource.path) do super(options) end end else super(options) end end
# File actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb, line 1705 def set_member_mappings_for_resource member do get :edit if parent_resource.actions.include?(:edit) get :show if parent_resource.actions.include?(:show) if parent_resource.actions.include?(:update) patch :update put :update end delete :destroy if parent_resource.actions.include?(:destroy) end end
# File actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb, line 1574 def with_exclusive_scope begin old_name_prefix, old_path = @scope[:as], @scope[:path] @scope[:as], @scope[:path] = nil, nil with_scope_level(:exclusive) do yield end ensure @scope[:as], @scope[:path] = old_name_prefix, old_path end end